Parts of Speech
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| Parts of Speech |
Part 1
Look at the sentence below:
Maria is a weak student.
You can classify the above sentence in different parts, such as:
Maria/is/a/weak/students.
Again, these parts play different functions e.g.
I) Maria =========== refers to a person
II) is ============== refers to states something
III) weak ========== provides more information about ‘student’
Iv) student========= refers to Maria.
Now, you can decide that in Parts of speech words are classified according to their functions. In English, there are eight parts of speech.
A beautiful poem is given here that will help you remember the parts of speech.
Every name is called a noun,
As field and fountain, street and town;
In place of noun the pronoun stands
As he and she can clap their hands;
The adjective describes a thing,
As magic wand and bridal ring;
The verb means action, something done
To jump, to read, to write, to run;
How things are done the adverbs tell,
As quickly, slowly, badly, well;
The preposition shows relation,
As in the street, or at the station;
Conjunctions join, in many ways,
Sentences, words, phrases and clauses;
The interjection cries out, Hark!
I need an exclamation mark!
Now, read about each type of parts of speech:
Noun
A noun is a word used to name something: a person/animal, a place, a thing, or an idea. For example, all of them following are nouns.
Sanjid, Moen, Mark Wood, Sohel Rana
Japan, India, Pakistan, Canada, Korea, London, the Eifel Tower.
Pencil, store, music, air, chair, key-board.
Biology, social science, higher math, Bengali
Pronouns
A pronoun is a word that replaces a noun. It helps us to avoid repetitions.
For example: Instead of Rahul talked to Rahul’s child, you might say Rahul talked to his child. Here ‘his’ is pronoun. It refers to the noun ‘Rahul’.
Adjectives
An adjective describes a noun and pronoun. Usually, in English, an adjective comes before the noun. For an example: The brilliant student got A+.
Adjective also comes after linking verbs. For example: I feel hungry.
Verb
Verbs generally express an action or a state of being. There are several classifications for verbs-action verbs, main verbs, auxiliary verbs, transitive, intransitive and phrasal verbs. For example:
Action Verbs show action.
They run. he sings. they read.
Linking verbs link the subject to an adjective or a noun.
Surdi is bright. He is a teacher
Here the linking verbs connect the adjective (bright) or a noun (teacher) with the subject.
Adverbs
An adverb is a word that modifies a verb, an adjective or another adverb.
The teacher carefully checks the homework. (Here carefully is an adverb that modifies the verb check)
Example:
Sanjida was extremely enthusiastic about doing his homework. (Here extremely is an adverb that modifies the adjective enthusiastic.)
Maliha ran out of classroom very quickly. (Here very is an adverb that modifies the adverb quickly)
Prepositions
Prepositions are words that connect a noun or pronoun to another word in a sentence. Some common prepositions are on, in, at, with, about, for, to, though.
Conjunctions
Conjunctions adds together words, phrases and clauses.
Example:
1/ He came to the class and started teaching (words)
2/ It is easy to say but difficult to do (clauses)
3/ She is intelligent; therefore, she does not need too much help. (clauses)
Interjections
Interjections are words used to express emotional states. They can usually be found in narrative writing interviews and in spoken English. They can stand alone.
Example:
Oh! Wow! Ouch! Opps! Hey!
They can also be used in a phrase or sentence. Example:
What a lovely day!
How strong the man is!
The same word as different parts of speech
Remember that the same word can be used as different parts of speech. Its function in the sentence will help you to determine the parts of speech. Look at the following sentences and notice the functions of the word ‘well’ in each of the sentences;
He doesn’t look well (adjective)
The student did well in the test (adverb)
Well, I don’t know about that. (interjections)
Read the song and guess why it leaves out one part of speech
A noun’s the name of anything,
As: school or garden, toy, or swing.
Adjectives tell the kind of noun,
As: great, small, pretty, white or brown.
Verbs tell of something being done:
To read, write, count, sing, jump, or run.
How things are done the adverbs tell,
As: slowly, quickly, badly, well.
Conjunctions joins the word together,
As: men and women, wind or weather.
The prepositions before a noun
As: in or through a door.
The interjection shows surprise
As: oh, how pretty! Ah! How wise!
The whole is called the parts of speech
Which reading, writing, speaking teach.
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